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Amid Corruption Scandal, FIFA Delays Bidding On 2026 World Cup

FIFA Secretary-General Jérôme Valcke (right) and FIFA President Joseph "Sepp" Blatter attend a news conference in 2014.

FIFA Secretary-General Jérôme Valcke (right) and FIFA President Joseph “Sepp” Blatter attend a news conference in 2014. Victor Caivano/AP hide caption

itoggle caption Victor Caivano/AP

Still reeling from a corruption scandal that has ensnared some of its top officials and led to the resignation of its president, FIFA said it was delaying the bidding process on the 2026 World Cup.

“Due to the situation, I think it’s nonsense to start any bidding process for the time being,” Jérôme Valcke, FIFA’s secretary general, said during a news conference on Wednesday.

In a separate statement, FIFA said the organization’s executive committee will discuss the process at a later date.

The BBC reports:

“The vote to decide who will host the 2026 World Cup is due to take place in Kuala Lumpur in May 2017.

The United States are front-runners to stage the tournament, but Canada, Mexico and Colombia are also thought to be interested. Russia and Qatar were selected to host the 2018 and 2022 World Cups by a secret ballot of Fifa’s 22 executive members in December 2010.

“But Swiss prosecutors are now investigating alleged financial irregularities surrounding the bidding process. Both Russia and Qatar have denied any wrongdoing.”

Bloomberg reports that during the news conference, Valcke was defensive. If you remember, Valcke was not named in the U.S. bribery investigation, but subsequent reporting linked him to a $10 million payment that was allegedly part of a bribe to help South Africa secure the right to host the 2010 World Cup.

Wednesday’s news conference was Valcke’s first since those reports surfaced, and he said he had done no wrong. Bloomberg adds:

“The money involved came from South African authorities and not FIFA, and the transfer was in line with FIFA regulations, Valcke said.

” ‘You have decided that after [Sepp] Blatter I am the head to be cut, fine, but don’t use this $10 million because I haven’t made any mistake with this,’ he said.”

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Amid Corruption Scandal, FIFA Delays Bidding On 2026 World Cup

FIFA Secretary-General Jérôme Valcke (right) and FIFA President Joseph "Sepp" Blatter attend a news conference in 2014.

FIFA Secretary-General Jérôme Valcke (right) and FIFA President Joseph “Sepp” Blatter attend a news conference in 2014. Victor Caivano/AP hide caption

itoggle caption Victor Caivano/AP

Still reeling from a corruption scandal that has ensnared some of its top officials and led to the resignation of its president, FIFA said it was delaying the bidding process on the 2026 World Cup.

“Due to the situation, I think it’s nonsense to start any bidding process for the time being,” Jérôme Valcke, FIFA’s secretary general, said during a news conference on Wednesday.

In a separate statement, FIFA said the organization’s executive committee will discuss the process at a later date.

The BBC reports:

“The vote to decide who will host the 2026 World Cup is due to take place in Kuala Lumpur in May 2017.

The United States are front-runners to stage the tournament, but Canada, Mexico and Colombia are also thought to be interested. Russia and Qatar were selected to host the 2018 and 2022 World Cups by a secret ballot of Fifa’s 22 executive members in December 2010.

“But Swiss prosecutors are now investigating alleged financial irregularities surrounding the bidding process. Both Russia and Qatar have denied any wrongdoing.”

Bloomberg reports that during the news conference, Valcke was defensive. If you remember, Valcke was not named in the U.S. bribery investigation, but subsequent reporting linked him to a $10 million payment that was allegedly part of a bribe to help South Africa secure the right to host the 2010 World Cup.

Wednesday’s news conference was Valcke’s first since those reports surfaced, and he said he had done no wrong. Bloomberg adds:

“The money involved came from South African authorities and not FIFA, and the transfer was in line with FIFA regulations, Valcke said.

” ‘You have decided that after [Sepp] Blatter I am the head to be cut, fine, but don’t use this $10 million because I haven’t made any mistake with this,’ he said.”

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Consumers In 'Grandfathered' Health Plans Can Face Higher Costs

Health plans begun under the Affordable Care Act are required to cover FDA-approved contraceptive methods without cost to members. Older plans are exempt from that rule.

Health plans begun under the Affordable Care Act are required to cover FDA-approved contraceptive methods without cost to members. Older plans are exempt from that rule. iStockphoto hide caption

itoggle caption iStockphoto

Judy Naillon called her insurer several months ago to find out why she was being charged $35 every month for birth control pills. Her friends said they were getting their pills free under the federal health law.

Why wasn’t she getting the same deal?

The insurance representative explained that was because the plan Naillon and her husband had through his job was “grandfathered” under the health law. In other words, unlike other health plans, Naillon’s insurance policy, which existed before the health law was enacted, doesn’t have to cover many preventive services, including contraception.

Naillon would have to continue to pay a share of the cost of her pills, the insurer told her. The plan also wouldn’t pay if she wanted to switch to an intrauterine device, and there’s no coverage for an annual physical.

“I’m just really frustrated,” says the Wichita, Kan., music teacher. When her husband took a new marketing job last fall, she says, “I thought that surely all these insurers must now be covering these benefits.”

About a quarter of insured workers today are enrolled in grandfathered plans, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation, and these plans haven’t significantly changed their benefits or costs to consumers since 2010.

Old Plans Not Subject To New Rules

These older plans differ in other ways, too. They don’t have to guarantee a member’s right to appeal a decision by the insurer, for example, and may charge consumers higher copays or higher co-insurance for out-of-network emergency services. The plans also aren’t required to comply with the law’s limits on a policy-holder’s annual out-of-pocket spending (currently $6,600 for someone in an individual plan and $13,200 for families). So, consumers who have these health plans may be on the hook financially for more of their medical care than people with Obamacare policies.

When the health law passed, President Barack Obama sought to reassure anxious consumers by promising that “if you like your health care plan, you can keep it.” Since then, the number of grandfathered plans has steadily declined.

In 2011, about 72 percent of companies that offered health insurance included at least one grandfathered plan; by 2014 that number had declined to 37 percent, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation’s annual survey of employer health benefits.

Smaller employers are more likely than large ones to offer the older policies, says Steve Wojcik, vice president of public policy at the National Business Group on Health, which represents the interests of large employers. Small firms typically buy a plan from an insurer that pays their claims. Larger companies, in contrast, often design their own plans and are self-insured — they pay their employees’ claims directly.

Individual plans can also be grandfathered.

Some people who study the insurance market have two words for the demise of grandfathered plans: Good riddance. These policies lack many consumer protections and are generally subject to weaker regulation, so aren’t necessarily good options for people who have health problems.

“Grandfathered plans are more likely to hang onto people who are low risk,” says Sarah Lueck, a senior policy analyst at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.

Some Upsides

On the other hand, the grandfathered policies may come with lower monthly premiums, and in some ways can be a good deal for people who are young and generally healthy.

In order to retain their grandfathered status, the older plans are limited in how much they can increase a policyholder’s copayments and deductibles. So, if someone covered by such a plan had a $20 copayment in 2010, for example, the copayment today could be no more than $26 next year, says Joe Kra, a partner and actuary at Mercer, a human resources consulting firm. Likewise, a $500 annual deductible for such a health policy could rise to no more than $652.

“If an employee is in a grandfathered plan, they’re one of the fortunate minorities,” Kra says.

But Naillon probably wouldn’t agree with that statement.

“Even though my doctor would like to do a physical and run labs,” she says, “I can’t afford to have those services.”

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Today in Movie Culture: Honest Trailer for 'The Lost World: Jurassic Park,' Sesame Street Parody of 'Jurassic Park' and More

Here are a bunch of little bites to satisfy your hunger for movie culture:

Supercut of the Day:

See how many of the 100 most iconic movie lines of all time you can quote along with this video:

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Mash-Up of the Day:

Maybe the key to defeating the dinosaurs in Jurassic World is to try to eat them. Let’s learn from Cookie Monster in this Sesame Street parody of Jurassic Park called “Jurassic Cookie” (via /Film).

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Trailer Mix of the Day:

We all love to knock The Lost World: Jurassic Park, but nobody makes fun of it better than Honest Trailers.

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Vintage Image of the Day:

As we celebrate 30 years of The Goonies this week, we learn of the loss of Mary Ellen Trainor to cancer. Rest in piece, Mrs. Walsh.

Filmmaker in Focus:

Speaking of movies co-starring Mary Ellen Trainor, here’s The Goonies director Richard Donner analyzing the opening chase scene from Lethal Weapon 2 (via Filmmaker IQ):

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Here’s part of that opening scene:

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Fan Art of the Day:

We’ve seen a lot of detailed Furiosa art out there, but this stick-figure piece for Mad Max: Fury Road, part of a Buzzfeed movie quiz, is also pretty cool.

Study of an Actor:

Check out the trailer for the hot new documentary Listen to Me Marlon, which profiles the life of Marlon Brandon in his own words. It opens next month before hitting Showtime.

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Cosplay of the Day:

This family staged a heroic rescue with Dad as Batman and son as Robin and Mom as damsel in distress. Hopefully those railroad tracks aren’t in use and this was all in good, safe fun. Photo by Thiele Photography (via BuzzFeed)

Daily Dose of Star Wars:

Who cares if there’s less room for all your remotes and snacks and large picture books? This carved wood and glass X-Wing coffee table is too cool to be practical (via Geekologie):

Today’s Special Anniversary:

20 years ago, Congo opened in theaters, disappointing any fans of Michael Crichton‘s novel hoping for a Jurassic Park-level hit. Watch the original trailer:

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and

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Giants Pitcher Chris Heston Throws First No-Hitter Of The Season

San Francisco Giants catcher Buster Posey prepares to embrace Chris Heston after Heston threw a no-hitter against the New York Mets Tuesday in New York. The Giants won 5-0.

San Francisco Giants catcher Buster Posey prepares to embrace Chris Heston after Heston threw a no-hitter against the New York Mets Tuesday in New York. The Giants won 5-0. Frank Franklin II/AP hide caption

itoggle caption Frank Franklin II/AP

Chris Heston couldn’t recall ever throwing a no-hitter, not in youth baseball, not in the minor leagues and certainly not in the majors. Now he was three outs away.

“I definitely threw more in the backyard than I have in real life, that’s for sure,” he said.

He plunked Anthony Recker on the left shoulder with his first pitch in the ninth inning. Then the 27-year-old rookie right-hander, filling a gap this year on the San Francisco Giants’ pitching staff, settled down again, working the strike zone in and out, up and down, just as he had with catcher Buster Posey all night long.

Making the 13th start of his big league career, Heston threw called third strikes past pinch-hitter Danny Muno, Curtis Granderson and Ruben Tejada, completing a 5-0 victory over the New York Mets on Tuesday night and the major leagues’ first no-hitter since Washington’s Jordan Zimmermann on the final day of the 2014 regular season.

Heston didn’t jump, didn’t raise his arms in triumph.

He walked calmly off the mound toward home plate and was hugged by catcher Buster Posey.

“I wasn’t too sure where to go after that last out,” Heston said in an aw-shucks manner, looking boyish despite a day or two of stubble.

Heston allowed three baserunners – all on hit batters. He also had a two-run single for his first big league RBIs and finished with two hits more than the injury-depleted Mets.

He took the ball from the final out with him, but didn’t have any designated place to display it. He doesn’t have a trophy case.

“I don’t have enough stuff for one,” he said.

The pitching-rich World Series champions have thrown a no-hitter in four straight seasons, with Heston following Matt Cain’s perfect game against Houston in 2012 and hitless gems by Tim Lincecum in 2013 and ’14. The only other team to accomplish that feat was the Los Angeles Dodgers – all by Sandy Koufax – from 1962-65.

And in an era of radar gun worship, Heston didn’t throw a pitch faster than 91 mph.

“It’s not always how hard you throw,” Giants manager Bruce Bochy said. “It’s your command. It’s your ability to mix up your pitches, keep them off balance, hit your spots, pitch to your defense. Sure, it’s nice to have that 95-99 (mph), but if you’re off a little bit, hitters are going to catch up with that, trust me.”

Heston (6-4) struck out 11 – six looking – and allowed just two balls into the outfield, flyouts by Wilmer Flores in the second inning and Michael Cuddyer in the seventh. The last pitch was a 91 mph sinker that froze Tejada.

As the Citi Field crowd of 23,155 gave Heston a standing ovation, Giants teammates came out of the dugout and bullpen to mob him.

Heston had been extra nervous going into the ninth.

“Attack the zone. Don’t let the nerves get to me. Just throw quality strikes,” he recalled. “Taking a little more deep breaths out there.”

Brandon Crawford made a backhand stop deep at shortstop and threw to first to retire Eric Campbell for the final out of the eighth.

“It took kind of an in-between hop. It wasn’t an easy one, for sure,” Crawford said. “That was about the toughest play of the game. Usually, there’s a really good play that saves a hit, or maybe some hard line drives right at somebody. But there really weren’t a lot of balls squared up.”

Heston hit Tejada just below the left shoulder with one out in the fourth, then grazed Lucas Duda’s uniform near his right thigh. Despite leading the NL East, the Mets are 25th among the 30 teams in runs, a dearth partly due to injuries to David Wright, Daniel Murphy and Travis d’Arnaud.

“Obviously, those guys would have helped tonight, there’s no question of that. But you don’t want to take anything away,” Cuddyer said. “He had a really good sinker and he kept everybody off balance with a couple of different kinds of breaking balls, curveballs, one obviously slower and one a little quicker, good slider.”

Heston threw 72 of 110 pitches for strikes in the 35th complete-game no-hitter by a rookie in major league history, according to STATS, the first since Boston’s Clay Buchholz in 2007.

Heston hit a two-run single in the fourth off Noah Syndergaard (2-4) and added another single in the eighth.

Angel Pagan hit an RBI groundout in the first, Matt Duffy homered in the sixth and Joe Panik hit a leadoff homer in the seventh off Dillon Gee, making his first relief appearance since 2011.

Heston had a long and slow path to the majors. A graduate of Bayside High School in Palm Bay, Florida, he went to Seminole Community College and East Carolina University, declining to sign when Minnesota selected him on the 47th round in 2007 and Washington on the 29th round the following year. San Francisco got him on the 12th round in 2009.

He was 1-5 that year for the Arizona Rookie League Giants and didn’t advance past Class A until 2012. He made his big league debut last Sept. 13 against the Los Angeles Dodgers but was sent to the minors on March 20.

“The numbers really got him more than anything,” Bochy said.

But when Cain started the season on the disabled list, Heston was brought up April 7. Before Tuesday, his only complete game was a two-hitter against Houston on May 12. Heston was knocked out in fourth inning against Pittsburgh in previous start.

“Honestly, I think it’s just a matter of him just kind of trying to find his way right now,” Posey said. “He’s still early in his career in establishing what type of pitcher he’s going to be. And it’s something that we all go through when we first get here.”

Bochy, who won his 700th game as Giants manager, had an easy night in the dugout through eight innings. Then Heston plunked Recker.

“I said, ‘Well, what’s going to happen if he hits the first three? Do I get him with a no-hitter?'” Bochy remembered.

No way. Old-school Bochy was going to let him keep on going.

“I think you know about my pitch count,” the manager said. “I watched Timmy throw close to 150, so he probably could have thrown 50 the last inning.”

When Heston returned to the Giants’ clubhouse, he was met by one last ovation, this time from all his teammates.

“It was awesome, to walk in and having the whole team sitting there, congratulating me,” he said. “Definitely a special moment. I’ll remember that forever.”

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How Apple Hopes To Take A Bite Out Of The News Business

Susan Prescott, Apple vice president of product management and marketing, demonstrates the News app during the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference in San Francisco on Monday.

Susan Prescott, Apple vice president of product management and marketing, demonstrates the News app during the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference in San Francisco on Monday. Justin Sullivan/Getty Images hide caption

itoggle caption Justin Sullivan/Getty Images

What if there were an app where a user could have all of the news he was interested in, from the outlets he trusted, all in one place?

That’s the goal of Apple’s new iOS 9 feature, called, simply, News. It will be a permanent fixture on the iPhone and iPad home screen, just like Calendar, Maps and Weather.

If that app sounded familiar before it was unveiled Monday, that’s because other apps are already doing the same thing — Facebook, Flipboard, Twitter, Yahoo News and NYT Now are trying to become the gateway between news consumers and information.

Apple, which announced the app during its debut of iOS 9, is just the latest company to throw its hat into the ring, and it has a distinct advantage over the competition: The News app will automatically be an undeletable part of any Apple mobile device running iOS 9 starting in the fall.

News will be on the radar of millions of Apple users, making it one of the most salient apps on the market. As the Washington Post points out, News could quickly become a contender.

“If the algorithm is good and expansive enough, this could eat market share from Flipboard, Twitter and even, theoretically, those daily newsletters people send around. Not to mention from those outside the ecosystem.”

News won’t necessarily be a big success. Its predecessor, Newsstand, turned out to be unpopular with publishers.

Instead of making a home for news apps, as Newsstand did, Apple is partnering with publishers including BuzzFeed, CNN, Conde Nast, The New York Times, Time Inc. and more, displaying their content within the News app in a customizable wrapper. (NPR is among the media organizations that intend to make news available for the News app.)

In an article for NiemanLab, Joshua Benton explained this new relationship between Apple and publishers:

“Individual news apps and individual news brands aren’t the primary point of contact with news any more. They’re raw material, feeding into broader platforms. The loss of power for publishers in that exchange is obvious; the potential benefits remain mostly undiscovered.”

Publishers are trying to keep up as these platforms explore new ways to distribute information to consumers, but the future of News (the app, and the content) has yet to be determined.

Paige Pfleger is an intern with NPR Digital News.

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First 'Mockingjay – Part 2' Trailer Teases the Return of 'The Hunger Games'

The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 left a lot of people salivating for what would happen next in the saga of Katniss Everdeen and the oppressed people of Panem, and now we have our answer.

Love! War! Despair! More war! More despair! Revolution! Welcome to the first trailer for The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2.

Once again directed by Francis Lawrence, Part 2 obviously picks up where the last movie left off, with the revolution practically knocking on the door of the villainous capitol. This first trailer is more of a teaser stacked with eye-popping imagery and less step-by-step plot specifics (hey, if you want those, the books have been out for years), so there’s no risking of watching it and feeling like you’ve just seen the whole thing.

That said, there is definitely a risk that November 20, 2015 is going to suddenly seem 10,000 times farther away.

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Obama Defends Health Care Law As Supreme Court Ruling Nears

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President Obama defends the health care reform law as the Supreme Court prepares to issue a ruling in a case that could dismantle it. The law still remains controversial politically.

Transcript

ROBERT SIEGEL, HOST:

President Obama is defending his signature health care law. He says it’s helped millions of Americans who used to live in fear of costly medical bills. The president’s remarks come as the Supreme Court is considering another serious challenge to the Affordable Care Act. The president says he’s optimistic the high court will leave the law as is, but congressional Republicans are preparing to jump in if the court’s ruling goes against the administration. Here’s NPR’s Scott Horsley.

SCOTT HORSLEY, BYLINE: President Obama told a group of Catholic hospital operators today the health care law is working even better than supporters hoped, extending coverage to more than 16 million people and helping put the brakes on runaway medical bills.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

BARACK OBAMA: When you talk to people who actually are enrolled in a new marketplace plan, the vast majority of them like their coverage. The vast majority are satisfied with their choice of doctors and hospitals and satisfied with their monthly premiums. They like their reality.

HORSLEY: Obama also dismissed what he called Chicken Little warnings that the health care law would be a job killer.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

OBAMA: America has experienced 63 straight months of private sector job growth, a streak that started the month we passed the Affordable Care Act.

(APPLAUSE)

HORSLEY: But the health care law still faces a serious legal challenge. The Supreme Court is set to rule this month on whether a single phrase in the law bars the federal government from subsidizing health coverage in up to 34 states that didn’t set up their own insurance exchanges. More than 6 million people in those states could lose their subsidies. Sister Carol Keehan, who heads the Catholic Health Association the president was addressing today, says that would be devastating for those families.

SISTER CAROL KEEHAN: We can’t be a nation that lets so many people go without one of the most basic services needed to preserve life.

HORSLEY: Obama warns ending the subsidies could also have far-reaching ripple effects, de-stabilizing health insurance markets well beyond the federal government’s exchanges. Yevgeniy Feyman, of the free-market Manhattan Institute, is no fan of Obamacare. But he’s surprised the White House isn’t doing more to get ready.

YEVGENIY FEYMAN: They really don’t have a plan B. The president’s defense appears to be that, you know, it’s hard because you have interconnected parts. But even if you have interconnected parts preparing for what they consider to be the worst-case scenario would seem to be a smart idea.

HORSLEY: A high court ruling against the subsidies would be a mixed blessing for Republican lawmakers. They’ve long wanted to get rid of the health care law, but they’re wary of a sudden disruption in the market. Wisconsin Senator Ron Johnson has drafted a bill that would preserve the subsidies, but only temporarily.

RON JOHNSON: It’s basically a two-year transition that sets up 2016 as the election to really have the American people be involved in the decision of what our health care system ought to look like.

HORSLEY: But while Johnson’s bill would initially maintain the subsidies, it would do away with the requirement that individuals carry health insurance. Backers of the Affordable Care Act say without that requirement the law doesn’t work. Supporters have always described the health care law as a package deal in which popular provisions, such as guaranteed coverage regardless of one’s health, must be coupled with other features, like the individual mandate. You have a model where all the pieces connect, the president said this week, and today, he added we are not going back.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

OBAMA: This is now part of the fabric of how we care for one another. This is health care in America.

HORSLEY: That fabric could still unravel, though, with an adverse ruling from the Supreme Court. Scott Horsley, NPR News, the White House.

Copyright © 2015 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.

NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by a contractor for NPR, and accuracy and availability may vary. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Please be aware that the authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio.

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A Gender Revolution Hits The Streets, Two Wheels At A Time

Fatima Haidari, second from the right, and her bike riding club caught the attention of Humans of Kabul — the Afghanistan version of the popular Humans of New York blog.

Fatima Haidari, second from the right, and her bike riding club caught the attention of Humans of Kabul — the Afghanistan version of the popular Humans of New York blog. David Fox/Courtesy of Humans of Kabul hide caption

itoggle caption David Fox/Courtesy of Humans of Kabul

When Fatima Haidari got her first bike at age 9, she rode it all the time. But when she became an teenager, the rules changed.

“I used to bike outside because I was a kid, and nobody cared,” Haidari says. “But when I got older, it got kind of weird so I stopped.”

By “weird,” she means people aren’t used to seeing a young woman outside, by herself, on the streets of Kabul, Afghanistan. It’s even more uncommon to see women out on the streets on wheels. Haidari says she would have attracted unwanted attention from passersby — disapproving stares and even taunts.

In the 1990s, the Taliban imposed many restrictions on women’s rights. They couldn’t go to school, walk on the streets alone or speak publicly.

Since the militant group was ousted from parts of the country in 2001, the Afghan government has been working with advocacy groups to improve women’s rights. But progress has been slow. And some people still believe that women belong inside the house.

Haidari, now 18, decided to challenge that thinking.

While studying in the U.S. last spring, she met representatives from Girl Up, a campaign from the U.N. Foundation that funds clubs for girls around the world. Haidari noticed that Afghanistan didn’t have one.

So she thought, why not?

With funding from Girl Up, Haidari returned to Kabul and created a bike-riding club just for girls. She and her friends met weekly, sometimes to watch and discuss movies starring women, like Gravity. Every Friday, they went biking around the city.

The club got an extra boost after the girls impressed Shannon Galpin, the first woman known to mountain bike in Afghanistan. Her nonprofit Moutain 2 Mountain, which advocates for women in conflict zones, donated 10 bikes to club members. For each of the girls, it was her first bike. Before then, they had to borrow from a male friend or relative.

“It’s really new for our society to see women outside their house because we usually think women are supposed to be home to raise the children or take care of the husband,” Haidari says. “We’re trying to push women to have equal presence in society, and biking is just part of it.”

This spring Haidari has been studying at St. Timothy’s School, a boarding school for girls in Baltimore, Md. And she has put the club in the hands of a good friend while she’s away. The club is still going strong, she says. It started out with just five girls. Now, more than 20 get together each week to go cycling.

After a brief introduction from Girl Up, we caught up with Haidari as she was preparing for her finals. The interview has been edited for length and clarity.

Why did you focus on bike riding?

It’s kind of cliche, but it’s really important for a woman to be able to get somewhere without a male’s help.

There are so many girls in Afghanistan who can’t afford to drive to school so they walk for hours. But they can use a bicycle. First, it’s not that expensive, and second it’s a kind of sport. There aren’t many opportunities for women to exercise. So biking serves multiple purposes. I don’t know who said this, but I think women on wheels is the start of women’s independence.

What were some obstacles in starting the club?

There were so many girls who wanted to come riding with us. They would be super passionate, but their families wouldn’t let them come. I understand where they’re coming from — they were scared for their daughter’s security. So we started with five girls. When the other girls saw that nothing [bad] really happened, and that it was successful, I think that convinced the other girls’ families.

Were you nervous about the first bike ride?

We never felt that our lives were in danger, but we weren’t sure what the reaction was going to be. One of my friends said that we should call a cop to watch over us, but we wanted to send a message that girls have the freedom to go outside and bike. And having that cop next to us would have totally ruined that message.

Did anyone try to get in the way?

There was an instance when this guy tried to stop one of my friends and made her fall from her bike.

It was right in front of the Ministry of Education, where there were guards. And they didn’t do anything!

The Ministry of Education is supposed to inform people about human rights and that women should use their freedom. But the guards were just staring. It was really ironic that there was nobody to protect us — or at least to call the person out.

When things like that happen, what inspires you to keep going?

I had a friend who didn’t know anything about biking. She had never rode a bike, and she wanted to join. I told her the bike ride is tomorrow, and she was like, “Well I’m going to learn tonight.” So she learned it overnight, and she came and joined us the next day. It was really inspiring to see that much dedication.

What’s next?

I don’t know how to drive, but I want to learn this summer. On the streets in Afghanistan, you see mostly men behind the wheel. When I came to the U.S., it was the first culture shock I got: There were so many women behind the wheel. They all knew how to drive! I was like, “That is absolutely something I should know. I should know how to get somewhere by myself.”

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To Beat Insomnia, Try Therapy For The Underlying Cause Instead Of Pills

Ikon Images/Corbis

Ikon Images/Corbis

Lots of people say they have trouble sleeping. And 1 in 10 Americans has chronic insomnia.

Most often, sleep disorders are treated with medication. Between 6 and 10 percent of adults in the U.S. use sleeping pills.

But a review of the medical evidence has found that therapy might help people with chronic sleep troubles just as much — or even more — than pills.

Evidence that cognitive behavioral therapy — a form of talk therapy that focuses on changing how a person reacts to specific situations — can help people with chronically bad sleep has been growing over the past decade, says Dr. David Cunnington, director of the Melbourne Sleep Disorders Centre in Australia, and the senior author of the recent study.

“We wanted pull together all the smaller studies that have been done on cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia,” Cunnington says. “to really get a bigger pool of data and a better idea of how effective this is.”

The results were published Monday in the Annals of Internal Medicine.

A typical treatment plan for insomnia includes four to six sessions with a sleep psychologist. Therapists help train patients to wake up at the same time every day and develop good sleep habits , such as avoiding alcohol or caffeine near bedtime and reserving their bed for sleep (rather than watching TV, for example). They also teach relaxation techniques and challenge people’s negative attitudes toward sleep.

After completing therapy, on average, patients fell asleep almost 20 minutes faster and were awake in the middle of the night almost half an hour less, the study found. And the time they spent sleeping soundly increased by nearly 10 percent.

“Based on other studies, we know that these results from therapy are very similar to what you’d see with patients who take medication,” Cunnington says.

In many cases, therapy is a better treatment option, since it treats the underlying anxieties that cause insomnia. “A medication just puts a blanket over that anxiety and helps people get rest,” Cunnington says. “But cognitive behavioral therapy addresses the core problems, challenging people’s thinking around sleep. It can actually break the cycle of chronic insomnia.”

Plus, medications can come with side effects — like feeling sedated all day. And most sleeping pills lose their effectiveness over time, Cunnington notes.

So why don’t more doctors recommend therapy for sleep problems?

“I think it’s an issue of awareness,” says Kelly Baron, a clinical psychologist at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine who specializes in sleep disorders.

“This review definitely gives us some hard and fast numbers on the efficacy of therapy,” says Baron, who wasn’t involved in the recent study.

But primary care doctors often don’t know where to refer patients with chronic sleep issues, Baron says. And there’s a shortage of therapists who are trained to treat insomnia, especially outside of big cities.

Proponents of therapy for insomnia are working to develop a better certification program for sleep psychologists, Baron says. “What we really need to focus on at this point is increasing accessibility, so more people with sleep disorders have the option to choose therapy if they want it.”

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