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Iconic Australian Musician Dr. G. Yunupingu Has Died, Age 46

The late Dr. G Yunupingu performing in Melbourne, Australia in 2008. In accordance with Aboriginal custom, his family and record label have requested that no photos of his face be used.

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The best-selling Aboriginal musician in Australian history has died. Dr. G. Yunupingu had a sweet tenor voice and a gentle guitar style that took him far beyond his homeland. He was just 46 years old when he died on Tuesday in Darwin, Australia. His record label, Skinnyfish, announced his passing, but did not disclose its exact cause, citing only a “long battle with illness.”

When he first started touring internationally, Yunupingu toured under his first name only — Gurrumul. (Out of sensitivity to Aboriginal custom, most Australian media are dropping his given names when referring to him, and Skinnyfish and the artist’s family have requested that no photos of his face be used.) He was extremely shy and uncertain in English; profiled on All Things Considered in 2014, he preferred to have a friend, the bass player and producer Michael Hohnen, be interviewed on his behalf.

Musically, however, Yunupingu became a lion. His debut album, Gurrumul, went triple platinum in Australia and silver in the UK. He played for Queen Elizabeth and President Barack Obama — and when he made his U.S. debut at New York’s SubCulture club in 2015, it was in a concert co-presented by none other than Quincy Jones, who gave his imprimatur to the Australian artist.

Blind from birth, Yunupingu possessed a sweet tenor voice with which he sang primarily in his native language, Yolngu, and had a gentle guitar style, played left-handed and upside-down.

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Mark Grose, the managing director of Yunupingu’s record label, Skinnyfish, told the New York Times that the artist’s death was related to longtime health issues rooted in a childhood illness — but also systemic lack of treatment and health care for Aboriginal people in Australia.

In April 2016, Grose asserted that Yunupingu was mistreated during a health crisis related to his liver problems. After being rushed to the emergency room at Royal Darwin Hospital in northern Australia, the same medical facility where the musician died on Tuesday, he was reportedly left without treatment for eight hours while he bled internally. Grose also claimed that hospital staff assumed Yunupingu was “a drinker” due to his race. (Instead, Grose said, Yunupingu’s health issue was the result of having suffered hepatitis B during childhood.)

One of Yunupingu’s physicians, a kidney specialist named Dr. Paul Lawton, told Australia’s ABC radio at the time that Grose’s racial-profiling allegations were “reasonable,” and added, “We know that racial profiling happens at RDH (Royal Darwin Hospital) because of nationally published data … We know it happens right around Australia.” Lawton also stated to ABC that the musician’s chronic problems were “wholly related” to hepatitis B, and not to alcohol abuse.

The hospital categorically denied all allegations of maltreatment, and told the U.K.’s Guardian newspaper that “care provided at RDH was timely and appropriate” and that “claims of poor treatment due to a patient’s race have never been raised at the hospital.”

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Resurgent U.S. Men's Soccer Team Claims Gold Cup Over Jamaica

Jordan Morris of Team USA, right, celebrates scoring a goal against Jamaica during the final football game of the 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup on Wednesday at the Levi’s Stadium in Santa Clara, Calif.

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The U.S. Men’s National Soccer Team was back in a familiar position Wednesday night — playing to win the Gold Cup. It was a record 10th time the U.S. has reached the finals of the biennial CONCACAF tournament, which crowns the continental champion of North and Central America and the Caribbean.

An 88th-minute goal by forward Jordan Morris, off a deflection up the middle after a Gyasi Zardes cross, gave the Americans a 2-1 win over Jamaica. It’s the team’s fifth title in the past nine Gold Cups.

Team USA dominated for much of the match; Je-Vaughn Watson’s goal in the 49th minute, a run-in from the back side on a corner kick, was the first shot Jamaica had had all night. But backup Jamaican goalie Dwayne Miller was able to smother chance after chance from the Americans, allowing only Morris’ goal and another on Jozy Altidore’s 45th-minute free kick.

Coach Bruce Arena calls out to his team as U.S. player Graham Zusi steps off the field during a Gold Cup semifinal soccer match in Arlington, Texas earlier this month.

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Morris said after the match that he was nervous when the ball bounced to him, the Associated Press reports.

“It was my guy that scored on the goal, so I was trying to make up for it any way that I could, obviously. I take responsibility for that. But luckily I could put one in the back of the net.”

Jamaican coach Theodore Whitmore said the strike “was like a dagger in the heart,” according to the AP.

American midfielder Michael Bradley was named the tournament’s best player, while Jamaica’s Andre Blake, whose hand was injured early in the match, was named the tournament’s best goalie.

The United States had defeated Jamaica earlier this year 1-0 in an exhibition match in Chattanooga, Tenn. That game in February was also Coach Bruce Arena’s first win after he returned to lead the U.S. men’s national team after a decade hiatus.

Since he took over last November, Arena has not lost a game (nine wins and five ties). That’s the longest undefeated streak to start a U.S. Men’s National Team coaching tenure. “Four months ago we were rebuilding our program. A program that was in desperate shape of being in a position to qualify for a World Cup,” he said. “So I think we’ve made great strides in the past four months and [playing in the Gold Cup Final] is a great opportunity for us to make progress.”

The success comes at a good time for the United States. Arena replaced Jürgen Klinsmann who had been the squad’s leader since 2011. Klinsmann was fired after a disappointing start in qualifying for the 2018 World Cup.

In 2002, Arena guided the U.S. to the quarterfinals (the best finish since the very first World Cup in 1930) but he also was at the helm when the U.S. was eliminated in the group stage of the 2006 tourney.

The U.S. men have played in every World Cup since 1990 and that streak was in jeopardy until Arena returned as coach. Since then, he guided the team to two wins and two draws in the final qualifying round. The U.S. is now in a much better position to make next year’s tournament in Russia once qualifying resumes on Sept. 1 with a match against Costa Rica (a squad the U.S. beat in the Gold Cup semifinals on Saturday).

How the U.S. fared Wednesday had no direct bearing on its World Cup chances. But star forward Clint Dempsey (who tied the U.S. scoring record with his 57th goal against Costa Rica) said it’s still important. “We know we’re in a position to accomplish two big things this year,” he said, speaking of both winning the Gold Cup a fifth time and qualifying for the World Cup in Russia.

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Today in Movie Culture: 'Star Wars' Meets 'Arrested Development,' 'Justice League' Easter Eggs and More

Here are a bunch of little bites to satisfy your hunger for movie culture:

Mashup of the Day:

Ron Howard is finishing the Han Solo movie, so Nerdist added Howard’s Arrested Development narration to Star Wars and it’s perfect:

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Easter Eggs of the Day:

Comic-Con stuff is still permeating the internet, so here’s Mr. Sunday Movies with a look at the Easter eggs and other things you missed in the new Justice League trailer:

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Movie Parody of the Day:

Hulk and War Machine get animated and Hulk spoils a bunch of movies, including maybe Avengers: Infinity War, in this Comic-Con interview parody:

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Fan Art of the Day:

Here’s a pin mashing up Michael J. Fox’s Back to the Future and Teen Wolf characters our own Erik Davis got at Comic-Con:

Thanks @tracytubera for giving me a Future Wolf pin when I ran into you at the bar at our Comic-Con party. This thing is so rad pic.twitter.com/WvPeEIXUKv

— ErikDavis (@ErikDavis) July 25, 2017

Cosplay of the Day:

The Los Angeles Times profiled a cosplaying teacher who went to Comic-Con as Nebula from Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (via Karen Gillan):

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Supercut of the Day:

To further soothe your Comic-Con hangover, here’s a supercut of all the utterances of “spider” and “man” in the Sam Raimi Spider-Man trilogy:

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Vintage Behind the Scenes Clip of the Day:

For no real good reason except that it showed up on the internet this week, here’s a brief video from the set of Predator 2 in 1990:

Danny Glover dancing with the predators on the set of Predator 2. pic.twitter.com/gtQuzUGUbs

— This Is Not Porn (@thisisnotp0rn) July 22, 2017

Filmmaker in Focus:

Frame by Frame looks at editing and scene transitions in the movies of Steven Spielberg:

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Movie Takedown of the Day:

If you didn’t already think Ghost in the Shell was bad, Honest Trailers breaks it all down for you:

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Classic Trailer of the Day:

Today is the 20th anniversary of the release of Air Force One. Watch the original trailer for the classic action movie:

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Democrats Want To Probe Trump Ties To Deutsche Bank. GOP Says, No Thanks

Earlier this year, Frankfurt, Germany-based Deutsche Bank paid a $425 million fine for its involvement in a money-laundering scheme with Russian clients.

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The House Financial Services Committee on Tuesday considered looking into President Trump’s financial ties, particularly those linking him to a bank that had been involved with laundering Russian money.

But Republican members voted “nyet” on a straight party-line vote of 34-26.

They defeated a Democrat-sponsored request to order Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin to “provide certain documents … relating to President Trump’s financial connections to Russia, certain illegal financial schemes, and related information.”

The committee, which deals with banking and money laundering, “will not be spending time and money” on an investigation that already is being touched upon by other congressional committees, said Chairman Jeb Hensarling, R-Texas.

The Senate and House intelligence committees and the Senate Judiciary Committee have all been looking at some aspects of Trump interactions with Russians. Hensarling called the effort to launch yet another investigation “blatantly political.”

But Rep. Ed Perlmutter, D-Colo., urged passage of the bill known as a “resolution of inquiry,” a rarely used measure that allows Congress to request documents from the executive branch. He said an inquiry is needed because it’s clear “the president has something to hide when it comes to his financial dealings with the Russians.”

Perlmutter said his “suspicions” have increased in recent days because “the president has threatened to fire not only Mr. (Robert) Mueller, the special counsel, but also his attorney general, Mr. (Jeff) Sessions because of the probe into Mr. Trump’s and his family’s financial dealings with the Russians.”

Committee Democrats had been pushing for a broad inquiry, but with a special focus on Trump’s dealings with Deutsche Bank. Earlier this year, the Frankfurt, Germany-based bank paid a $425 million fine for its involvement in a money-laundering scheme with Russian clients.

To better understand why a German bank has turned up in the middle of a controversy involving an American president, here is an explainer:

Deutsche who?

Deutsche Bank, founded in 1870 in Germany, is an enormous financial institution, which S&P Global Intelligence’s ranks as No. 15 in the world in total assets. In 2016, 18 percent of Deutsche Bank’s capital was in the United States.

But the company frequently gets into legal trouble. For example, just last week, it agreed to pay $77 million to end U.S. antitrust litigation in a case involving manipulation of interest rates.

What does a German bank have to do with a U.S. president?

Deutsche Bank and Trump have a long relationship. It started after Trump went through a series of bankruptcies in the early 1990s, and U.S. banks did not want to lend to him.

Deutsche Bank then stepped in as his go-to banker. A New York Times review of security filings estimates that over the past 20 years, Deutsche Bank has given Trump $4 billion in loan commitments and potential bond offerings.

Where do those loans stand today?

While most of the loans have been paid back, Trump’s most recent financial disclosure shows he still has at least $150 million in outstanding debts to the bank.

Many people have loans. So what if Trump owes money to a bank?

For a president, any debt can create a conflict of interest, according to Norm Eisen, who served as the White House ethics adviser to President Barack Obama. He says debts raise questions about whether a president is making policy decisions based on a desire to get favorable terms from his lenders.

“When I was working for President Obama, we wouldn’t even let him refinance his modest home in Chicago because of the appearance of conflict,” Eisen told NPR.

Deutsche Bank isn’t Trump’s only lender. His most recent financial disclosure includes 16 liabilities, from Royal Bank America to Merrill Lynch. His debts total hundreds of millions.

But Deutsche Bank is particularly problematic because it’s so often in legal trouble. Since 2015, the bank has stacked up more than $9.2 billion in fines, penalties and settlements, according to monitoring by the Capital Performance Group. If Trump owes the bank a great deal of money, the question might arise: Would his administration back off tough regulatory enforcement so that the president can get better personal lending terms from Deutsche Bank?

Is special counsel Mueller looking into Deutsche Bank?

Yes, according to news reports. For example, The Guardian says Mueller wants to see an internal report done by Deutsche Bank itself. Several months ago, the bank did an internal review to determine whether any of Trump’s loans were connected to Russia or backed by the Russian government, the report said.

Also, New York regulators want to know whether loans made by Deutsche to Trump could expose the bank itself to heightened risk, The New York Times said.

What does the president have to say about all this?

In a recent interview with the Times, reporters asked whether it would cross a line for Mueller to examine his personal finances. Trump said it would, calling it a “violation.”

Trump has made it clear that he objects to Mueller, congressional investigators or banking regulators looking into his personal finances and loans.

Do other Trump family members owe money to Deutsche Bank?

Jared Kushner, the president’s son-in-law, secured and personally guaranteed a $285 million loan from Deutsche Bank in October 2016, as the The Washington Post first reported in June.

The loan came right before the election and just as Deutsche bank was settling the Russian money-laundering case with the New York regulators. Kushner did not include the loan on his financial disclosure form filed with the Office of Government Ethics in March nor was it listed on his updated form released last week.

The financial disclosure also shows Kushner has a $5 million to $25 million open line of credit from Deutsche Bank, which he shares with his mother.

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Sen. King Calls For Health Care Compromise: 'This Is About Real People'

NPR’s Robert Siegel talks with Sen. Angus King, Independent of Maine, who voted on Tuesday against an effort to start discussing a bill to reset the Affordable Care Act.

ROBERT SIEGEL, HOST:

Only two Republicans, Susan Collins of Maine and Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, broke ranks with their party in today’s vote. This vote does not repeal or replace the Affordable Care Act, but it sets the Senate on a course of discussing and perhaps amending a bill that would do just that. We’re going to turn now to a senator who voted against today’s motion to proceed, Senator Angus King of Maine, an independent who caucuses with the Democrats. And thanks for joining us once again.

ANGUS KING: Absolutely. Glad to be with you. And I got to say at the outset, I love John McCain. His statement today was just brilliant. I wish he’d voted the other way, but I think he served notice on his colleagues that he was simply voting for the procedural step to open debate and wasn’t necessarily expressing support for some further version of one of these bills.

SIEGEL: Do you love his proposal to go to the Senate health committee, return to regular order and have hearings on a health care bill that presumably committee Republicans and Democrats would both take part in?

KING: Absolutely. That’s exactly what we ought to do, Robert. I mean, that’s the way this place is supposed to work. And by the way, it’s the way John McCain’s committee work. I’m on the Armed Services Committee. We had long meetings, we had hearings – hearing after hearing after hearing. We had amendments, we had votes, we had no party-line votes within the committee. It can work that way. He’s absolutely right. That’s the way it ought to happen.

SIEGEL: But wouldn’t any bill that emerged from that process in the Senate then have to go eventually to the House of Representatives, where the Republican majority is more conservative than it is in the Senate? And wouldn’t it be a bill that ultimately you could say from the outset you’re going to vote against?

KING: Well, it depends on what happens. It depends on what the House decides. If they want to get something – and presumably, if there was a Senate bill that came out of a bipartisan process in the committee, there would be something there that the Republicans could support. If they decide they want the whole terrible consequence of kicking millions of people off of health insurance, then we aren’t going to be able to agree. But we certainly can get somewhere working in a regular way where people have a chance to get their voices heard.

SIEGEL: Can you imagine a bipartisan process by which you and Democrats give up something that you really want – say, the individual mandate – because that’s the only way to get another bill? Or is that a bright line right there that you can’t cross?

KING: Well, I don’t want to negotiate on the radio.

SIEGEL: Of course.

KING: But I do think that there are – I mean, I myself, since I got here in 2013, have been talking with a number of people about things we can improve and change in the Affordable Care Act. The Affordable Care Act is not perfect by any means. The problem is the response has been, we don’t want to fix it. We just want to repeal it, get rid of it, throw it out. We want to cut Medicaid. And if their bottom line is severe cuts to Medicaid and a major tax cut for the wealthiest Americans, then we aren’t going to get anywhere.

But if they can stop talking about repealing and start talking about fixing and really dealing with the real problems of people in our society – that’s what bothers me about this. This is about real people. This is about disabled people, elderly people in my state of Maine. And that’s why Susan Collins and I had to vote no today.

SIEGEL: Senator King, just briefly. If, in fact, the leadership, the Republican leadership, doesn’t go along with Senator McCain and sticks with this reconciliation process, do you think they have 50 votes to pass a big health care bill?

KING: I don’t think so. I think they’re going to end up a month from now exactly where they are now, and that is trying to find 50 votes for various options. I think we’ve seen three or four now, none of which could get 50 votes. They may go to the House with – they may get 50 votes on some stripped-down bill that does practically nothing and just gets them into the conference with the House. But then whatever comes back out has to go through the Senate. I think it’s very hard to get those 50 votes.

SIEGEL: Senator Angus King of Maine. Thanks for talking with us.

KING: Thank you.

(SOUNDBITE OF THE NEW MASTERSOUNDS’ “IN THE MIDDLE”)

Copyright © 2017 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.

NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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Student Athletes Who Specialize Early Are Injured More Often, Study Finds

A growing number of pediatric sports medicine groups warn that when a child focuses on a single sport before age 15 or 16, they increase their risk of injury and burnout — and don’t boost their overall success in that sport.

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If you’re involved in high school athletics, you know the scene. There’s increasing pressure to specialize in a single sport and play it year-round.

The upside? Focusing on one sport can help give kids the edge they need to compete on elite club teams — or travel teams. Many athletes hope to attract the attention of college recruiters, or be offered a sports scholarship. This emphasis on competitive success has become widespread throughout the U.S., according to a consensus statement from the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine.

And, the downside? The “increased emphasis on sports specialization has led to an increase in overuse injuries, overtraining, and burnout, according to a 2016 report from the American Academy of Pediatrics .

Now, comes a study, published this week in The American Journal of Sports Medicine, that adds to the evidence that specialization may increase the risk of a range of injuries for high school athletes.

“We found that kids who had higher levels of specialization were at about a 50 percent greater risk of having an injury,” says study author Timothy McGuine, a senior scientist and research coordinator at the University of Wisconsin Health Sports Medicine Center. The injuries McGuine and his colleagues noted included ankle sprains, knee tendonitis, and stress fractures.

The researchers determined specialization by asking athletes in the study these questions: Have you quit one sport to focus on another? Do you consider your primary sport more important? Do you train more than eight months a year for your primary sport? (Students who answered yes to all three questions were considered highly specialized.)

Until now, a lot of what was known about these kinds of injuries has been anecdotal.

To get more hard evidence, McGuine and his colleagues asked athletic trainers to record injuries as they happened during games and practices. The trainers tracked about 1,500 players from 29 high schools in Wisconsin during the 2015-2016 school year.

“We then reported into a database the type of injury, and how it occurred,” McGuine explains. They also recorded information on whether the athlete went to the doctor, whether they had X-rays or MRI’s, whether they had surgery, and how long the injury kept them from playing their sport.

In total, 235 students, of the roughly 1,500, sustained an injury that was serious enough to take them out of the game for a week.

McGuine’s finding underscores the recent advice from a growing number of pediatric and sports medicine groups.

In a clinical report published last year, the American Academy of Pediatrics concluded that current evidence “suggests that delaying sport specialization for the majority of sports until after puberty (late adolescence — around 15 or 16 years of age) will minimize the risks and lead to a higher likelihood of athletic success.”

And a consensus statement from the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine concluded that “there is no evidence that young children will benefit from early sport specialization in the majority of sports,” given the risk of overuse injury and burnout.

That group recommends several measures to prevent burnout and injury including “avoiding overscheduling and excessive time commitments.”

As a rule of thumb, McGuine says, kids should limit the number of hours they participate in organized sports each week to the number of years they’ve been alive — or less. “So a 10-year-old should not play or practice more than 10 hours a week,” he says.

Still, not all sports medicine experts are convinced by the new evidence.

“Sport specialization may simply be a marker for a larger volume of training and competition,” Dr. John DiFiori, Chief of the Division of Sports Medicine at UCLA told us by email. In other words, kids who focus on one sport and train year-round may simply be on the field more competing and practicing compared to kids who don’t specialize. He’d like to see more research to answer that question.

In the meantime, there’s one conclusion everyone seems to agree on: Parents, clinicians, and coaches need to work together with the leagues to ensure healthy play.

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Today in Movie Culture: 'Thor: Ragnarok' Easter Eggs, the Cutest Cosplay of Comic-Con and More

Here are a bunch of little bites to satisfy your hunger for movie culture:

Easter Eggs of the Day:

You’ve seen the hot new Thor: Ragnarok trailer from Comic-Con, and now Mr. Sunday Movies amusingly highlights all the Easter eggs and other things you might have missed:

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Reworked Poster of the Day:

Speaking of Thor: Ragnarok, Jeff Goldblum fanatics are really excited he’s in the movie, as evidenced in this poster fix:

Fixed the Thor Ragnarok poster pic.twitter.com/BJXNhVOTYe

— Brian Firenzi (@mrbrianfirenzi) July 23, 2017

Cosplay of the Day:

There was a lot of cosplay on display at Comic-Con, but IMDb highlights the cutest, including kids inspired by The Incredibles, Deadpool, Star Wars and more:

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Movie Reaction of the Day:

Nobody has a better response to Dunkirk than this 92-year-old man who survived the real events:

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Auditions of the Day:

Conan got their hands on (fake) audition tapes for the role of young Dumbledore in the Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them sequel, including those of Aubrey Plaza, Nick Offerman and Patton Oswalt:

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Vintage Image of the Day:

Anna Paquin, who turns 35 today, shows off the Oscar she won for The Piano backstage at the 1994 Academy Awards:

Custom Prop Replica of the Day:

The blacksmiths of Baltimore Knife and Sword make a replica of Prince Nuada’s sword from Hellboy II: The Golden Army in the latest edition of Man at Arms: Reforged:

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Video Essay of the Day:

Filmmaker Kentucker Audley delivers another video essay parody for Talkhouse, this one on “Ron Howard’s” Pleasantville:

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Video List of the Day:

Wolfcrow showcases the 10 most inspiring edits in film history in this video countdown (via Film School Rejects):

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Classic Trailer of the Day:

Today is the 30th anniversary of the release of La Bamba. Watch the original trailer for the classic biopic below.

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and

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Study: Memphis Support Program For New Moms Especially Helps Boys

Nurse-Family Partnership programs provide low-income mothers with checkups. Robert Siegel speaks with Nobel Laureate James Heckman on the benefits of NFP, which is found to especially help boys.

ROBERT SIEGEL, HOST:

Our next guest is a Nobel laureate, an economist who knows that providing support to new mothers means children who are healthier and more successful in life. James Heckman’s conclusions are reinforced by a new study on the effectiveness of a home visiting program called the Nurse-Family Partnership, or NFP. It supports low-income first-time mothers in 43 states. Nurses visit new mothers during pregnancy through the age of 2, showing them how to care for their babies, urging them to read to their children, to take them out and show them things. And professor James Heckman’s analysis shows that that can make a huge difference, especially for boys. Welcome to the program.

JAMES HECKMAN: Oh, glad to be here.

SIEGEL: Your paper looks at a Nurse-Family Partnership program in Memphis. It started in 1990, and it kept track of hundreds of kids who participated, tracking them until they were 12. What did you find?

HECKMAN: Well, at age 6, if you look for both boys and girls, you see both cognitive benefits – the, you know, ability to function in a classroom and to acquire knowledge and just to solve ordinary day-to-day problems – as well as social and emotional skills. That’s for both boys and girls. When you get to age 12, the primary benefit that’s lasting would be cognitive skills, cognitive skills that – for boys.

And there are benefits which are for the mother. During the period of time when the mother – looking at the first two years with the child, there does seem to be an enhanced strength of the maternal environment in the sense the mother has less anxiety. She seems better able to cope, and she herself is calmer and more maybe focused and directed towards the education of her child.

SIEGEL: But that big gender gap between boys and girls, boys still showing the benefits as you see it and as you analyze it through the age 12 – what’s the big difference here?

HECKMAN: I think we as society are beginning to understand the greater vulnerability of boys, especially disadvantaged boys, the lower levels of resilience, if you will, to adversity. Girls, for whatever reason – and I think it may be biological or it may be because of the relationship with the mother. It’s not fully understood. But girls can actually seemingly shake the adversity off. It’s not that girls aren’t affected by early adversity, but boys seem particularly vulnerable.

SIEGEL: The Nurse-Family Partnership, or NFP program, that you were analyzing was in Memphis.

HECKMAN: Yes.

SIEGEL: I’ve seen that there are similar positive effects from a similar idea in Jamaica, but that in Britain, a similar program did not show any great differences. Any idea why?

HECKMAN: Well, the British program I know less well, but the Jamaican program is a wonderful example. The Jamaican program had some of the same features, what I consider the key feature of the Nurse-Family Partnership program, which was that it encouraged mothers to interact with their children. And if you can get a chemistry going between the child and caregiver, what you’ve done is created a lifetime environment that motivates the child, that motivates the mother. And it builds a synergy which actually leads to productive children and productive families.

SIEGEL: We spoke years ago. You were talking about the value of preschool…

HECKMAN: Yes.

SIEGEL: …For kids. And in this case, what you’re describing, something very valuable, is – it’s very modest. The intervention of the nurse is, you know, somebody shows up a few times to talk with the mother. And yet that yields big results, you say.

HECKMAN: Yes. So when we boil all this down, you know, I think it’s almost like this Beatles song, you know, all it takes is love or something. It really is requiring that somebody love you. And love is a very scarce resource, of course, probably the scarcest resource in modern – in any society. But if somebody takes an interest in you – it doesn’t have to be a massive – you know, for example, in Chicago, we’ve had these home projects, now torn down, the Robert Taylor Homes – very, very infamous in their own – gangs roaming around.

But children who grew up in those have come – many of them have become very successful or moderately successful – middle class, anyway. And always the ingredient was a mother or a caregiver who was sincerely interested in the lives of the children, protected the child, encouraged the child. I think that’s what’s missing. And I think that is the love that probably is the key ingredient.

SIEGEL: Well, professor Heckman, thanks for talking with us again.

HECKMAN: OK, it was great talking to you. Have a good day.

SIEGEL: That’s professor James Heckman, economist at the University of Chicago.

(SOUNDBITE OF THE BEATLES SONG, “ALL YOU NEED IS LOVE”)

Copyright © 2017 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.

NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

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Democrats' 'Better Deal' Aims To Reclaim A Populist Image

House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi of Calif, speaks in Berryville, Va., Monday, to unveil the Democrats’ new agenda. Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer of N.Y. is by her side.

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Six months after Republicans gained control of the White House and both houses of Congress, Democrats have outlined a plan to improve their chances of methodically taking it all back.

They are leaning heavily on a re-branding of their greatest hits — more and better-paying jobs, lowering health care costs and cracking down on the what are seen as the abuses of big business.

As an agenda and a slogan, “A Better Deal,” hearkens back to the days of President Franklin Roosevelt. House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer went 50 miles outside the Beltway, to Berryville, Va., to unveil it, hoping the ideas will resonate with suburban voters, many of whom were energized by Trump’s campaign-trail populism.

“When you lose an election with someone who has, say, 40 percent popularity, you look in the mirror and say what did we do wrong?” Schumer said, speaking on ABC’s This Week Sunday. “And the No. 1 thing that we did wrong is … we didn’t tell people what we stood for.”

Responding to the plan on Monday, President Trump tweeted that in releasing the plan, Democrats were admitting that it was their own fault they lost the election, and not Russian meddling.

After 1 year of investigation with Zero evidence being found, Chuck Schumer just stated that “Democrats should blame ourselves,not Russia.”

— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) July 24, 2017

Democrats say they want to double federal support for apprenticeship programs to help train young people and put out-of-work adults back in the work force. They also want tax incentives for companies to retrain workers, as well as new standards aimed at limiting corporate mergers that throw people out of work. In addition, the plan calls for lowering the cost of prescription drugs.

“We will aggressively crack down on unfair foreign trade and fight back against corporations that outsource American jobs,” the Democratic leadership said in a statement. “We will fight to ensure a living wage for all Americans and keep our promise to millions of workers who earned a pension, Social Security and Medicare, so seniors can retire with dignity.”

Berryville, with a population less than 5,000, is situated in one district that Democrats desperately would like to flip in 2018. It is currently represented by Republican Rep. Barbara Comstock and it stretches from just outside Washington to more rural parts of the state.

Writing in The Washington Post on Sunday, Pelosi said that since taking the reins in January, Republicans have squandered opportunities to help average Americans. “[Instead] of creating good-paying jobs, or rebuilding America’s crumbling infrastructure, or advancing tax reform,” she said, “Republicans have spent six months trying to raise Americans’ health costs to fund tax breaks for billionaires.”

Democrats need to wrest 24 Republican-held seats in the House to gain control of that chamber. In the Senate, however, they are playing defense, fighting to retain Democratic-held seats in states won by Trump.

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Father Of Girl Ticketed For Selling Lemonade Responds To Supporters: 'Make A Stand'

After a young girl’s lemonade stand in east London brought a fine of nearly $200, the local council apologized. Now the girl’s family is calling on more kids to open their own stands.

Matthew Mead/AP

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Matthew Mead/AP

A 5-year-old girl whose sidewalk lemonade stand brought a $195 fine in east London has been invited to set up shop at several markets and festivals, as supporters reach out to her family. The ticket was forgiven; now the girl’s father is urging more kids to open their own stands.

Last weekend, Andre Spicer took his daughter to the end of their street to offer lemonade (50 pence for a small, 1 pound for a large) to people drawn to a music festival in a nearby park. But, as he said in a tweet that day, “She’s now sobbing, ‘I did a bad thing'” after four Tower Hamlets police officers descended on the stand, issued a fine, and sent them packing.

Took 5 year old daughter to end of our road to run lemonade stand. Fined £180. She’s now sobbing, ‘I did a bad thing’. Thx @TowerHamletsNow

— André Spicer (@andre_spicer) July 15, 2017

Spicer’s tweet didn’t bring a response from the local council. But after he wrote a column for The Telegraph, strangers began to praise Spicer and his daughter — and to wonder what was wrong with Tower Hamlets.

“So, about the lemonade standard incident… we are very sorry that this has happened,” Tower Hamlets said in a tweet on the morning after Spicer’s column was published. It continued, “We expect our enforcement officers to show common sense, and to use their powers sensibly. This clearly did not happen.”

The council said the fine “will be cancelled immediately,” adding that it had contacted Spicer and his daughter to apologize.

We expect our enforcement officers to show common sense, and to use their powers sensibly. This clearly did not happen. (2/3)

— Tower Hamlets (@TowerHamletsNow) July 21, 2017

Spicer said in an email that his daughter may not realize how widely her story has resonated. He added that due to the positive response, “Now she feels less sour about the experience” — and she might be up for setting up another stand in the neighborhood later this month.

The Spicer family also wants to see more kids get the chance to make a stand. On Saturday, Spicer posted a message that reads in part:

“We have been overwhelmed by the kind response from people across the world. Dozens of festivals, markets and businesses have offered us the opportunity to set up a lemonade stand. We hope they will extend this invitation to others who’d love to make a stand.”

“Children could sell home-made lemonade, hand drawn comics or vegetables they have grown. Young people could do more than sell things, like sharing film or music they’ve created, or gaining support for their local club.”

If that sounds like a message influenced by someone who’s used to thinking about people and commerce, it should: Spicer is a professor of organizational behavior at the University of London’s business school. He’s also a critic for the type of behavior his daughter encountered, having written extensively about what he calls “collective stupidity” that sometimes overtakes organizations.

This summer, we want kids to make a stand. Our response to kind offers following lemonade fine. Spread the word! #MakeAStandpic.twitter.com/ItwyhNMHTn

— André Spicer (@andre_spicer) July 22, 2017

In Spicer’s column for The Telegraph, he noted the difficulties of giving kids space to pursue real-world activities, particularly in an era of shifting parental norms, competition from electronic gadgets — and an abundance of regulations.

Before “Lemonadegate,” Spicer said, his daughter had been inspired by seeing kids running their own tables at a school festival. Afterwards, as he said in The Telegraph, he told her they could get a permit, only to hear her reply, “No. It’s too scary.”

Spicer, who’s a native of New Zealand, says his daughter’s run-in with police has made him contrast the situation with his own childhood, when he and his brother roamed far from home and supported their clubs by selling snacks.

Since the episode became a news story, Spicer tells NPR, he’s received “many messages from people in the U.S.” telling their own stories about children and young people being “harshly shut down by authorities for doing things like selling candy.”

Stressing the importance of learning through action, the Spicer family’s note states, “Making a stand is a great opportunity for kids to share their interests, build confidence and contribute to our communities.”

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