April 30, 2016

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#NPRreads: Take Your Pick Of Space, Race Or Celebrity

The side of Jupiter's moon Europa that faces the giant planet.

#NPRreads is a weekly feature on Twitter and on The Two-Way. The premise is simple: Correspondents, editors and producers from our newsroom share the pieces that have kept them reading, using the #NPRreads hashtag. Each weekend, we highlight some of the best stories.

From national security editor Philip Ewing:

Speaking of @airspacemag, great story this month on the search for life on the moons of Jupiter and Saturn #NPRreads https://t.co/VBDLezocRV

— Phil Ewing (@philewing) April 29, 2016

Some of the most promising potential homes for life away from Earth are the moons of Jupiter and Saturn. NASA and researchers want to “visit” them all — but given the cost, time and distances involved with sending missions to the outer solar system, they must think very carefully about picking their shots, as Smithsonian’s Air & Space magazine reports.

The side of Jupiter’s moon Europa that faces the giant planet. NASA/JPL/University of Arizona hide caption

toggle caption NASA/JPL/University of Arizona

When scientists do reach the point of planning a mission, spaceflight challenges don’t get much tougher: The radiation and gravity forces are brutal. Plus some potential missions require inventing whole new techniques for astro-amphibious-underwater exploration. A future mission to Jupiter’s moon Europa, for example, could involve sending a probe across the expanse of space, then having it drop a robot submarine through the crust of ice on the surface to explore the liquid ocean below. Another proposal calls for sending a spacecraft to Saturn’s Titan — a moon larger than our own, and larger even than the former planet Pluto — which would launch what I insist be called a Space Boat to sail on its lakes of methane.

Air & Space also details the case for life on Saturn’s moon of Enceladus, and makes clear that exploration in the coming decades may determine whether life in the universe is unique to Earth or whether — just as probably — it’s abundant.

From business news intern Naomi LaChance:

When a suggested Facebook tag evokes centuries of racism and oppression. From the brilliant @tejucole #NPRreads https://t.co/D78A4gFyAO

— Naomi LaChance (@lachancenaomi) April 28, 2016

When Toronto-based photographer Zun Lee started taking the “orphaned Polaroids” of African-Americans that he’d bought secondhand and uploading them to Facebook, he found that they were not so orphaned after all. Facebook’s facial recognition system gave him suggested tags of people he had never met, but whose memories he held in his hand.

Lee is an artist, but at his computer he had waded into a whole new territory.

Teju Cole explores this artist’s responsibility, the responsibility to protect intimate moments, with great tact and poise in his new essay in the New York Times Magazine, The Digital Afterlife of Lost Family Photos. Cole writes: “Black Americans, for most of their time in this country, were named, traded and collected against their will. They were branded — physically tagged — both to hurt and control them.”

In a time of mass data collection and widespread surveillance, Lee’s conundrum faces new urgency, one that finds its ideal home in the writing of Teju Cole. If you have family photos or use a computer, you should read this piece.

From executive producer for editorial franchises Tracy Wahl:

I came across this piece in a typical way — I saw it on social media from an old friend at the Dallas Morning News, Mike Drago.

How a priest views the sad #JohnnyManziel saga. @frjoshTX does it again. https://t.co/XP2Wji8gm9 pic.twitter.com/RXdgqNz4xK

— Mike Drago (@MikeDrago) April 27, 2016

I had never heard of the writer and didn’t care very much about the Johnny Manziel story. But once I started reading, I was hooked.

A reminder: Manziel is a free-agent quarterback, most recently with the Cleveland Browns. A Dallas County grand jury indicted him on a misdemeanor assault charge brought by his ex-girlfriend.

Commentator Father Joshua J. Whitfield, a priest at St. Rita Catholic Church in North Dallas, ultimately asks us to think of Manziel as a man who can change.

Whitfield pushes all of us to ask about our own role in creating a sports celebrity that tolerates domestic abuse. But it’s not as if we can just examine one moment in the process of creating a superstar.

Check out this incredible writing about Manziel:

“His is a story of family history and upbringing: of an East Texas wildcatter, cockfighting sort of history. An upbringing by overly-driven parents of a child never given a chance to grow up into a man. It’s a story of the cult of sports and the cult of the child, woven together and raised almost to the status of religion, a religion become abuse in some families, a religion of constant, endless, physically harmful year-round sports shoved down the throats of children for the sake of dreams typically shattered by the age of 18.”

Powerful stuff.

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Puerto Rico Headed For Default As Congress Tackles Relief Plan

The U.S. territory is expected to default May 1 on a debt payment of nearly half a billion dollars. Scott Simon examines the impact of a default with Wall Street Journal correspondent Nick Timiraos.

Transcript

SCOTT SIMON, HOST:

Puerto Rico’s financial crisis heads for another deadline and possibly a cliff on May 1 when the U.S. territory may default on a debt payment of almost $500 million. Nick Timiraos is a national economics correspondent for The Wall Street Journal and joins us in our studios. Thanks so much for being with us.

NICK TIMIRAOS: Oh, thanks for having me.

SIMON: The money just isn’t there, so what happens if Congress can’t agree on some kind of relief?

TIMIRAOS: Well, Puerto Rico has $70 billion that it owes creditors and there are several different classes of debts. So the missed payment that’s happening this weekend is for one public agency but you’re basically going to see potential cascading defaults now and so that is why Congress is stepping in here to possibly put forward some kind of restructuring legislation.

SIMON: Speaker Ryan wants something…

TIMIRAOS: Yeah, Paul Ryan has been working on this. The reason Congress is getting involved – you know, a lot of people say, well, why does Congress even have to get involved here? Puerto Rico is in a very interesting place. It’s not a state, but it’s not a country. So if it were a state, its municipal corporations would be able to use the federal bankruptcy code Chapter 9 the same way that Detroit did a couple of years ago to restructure its debts.

For some reason – no one’s quite sure why – in 1984, the bankruptcy code was amended so that territories couldn’t use it. Again, it’s not a sovereign country, so they can’t go to the IMF – the International Monetary Fund – the way, you know, Greece or Argentina have. So they’re in this weird position here and that is why the Treasury Department and the Obama administration have said, you know, Congress, which has responsibility for Puerto Rico since it is a federal territory, needs to come up with some way for the island to restructure its debts.

SIMON: How did this happen?

TIMIRAOS: It happened over a long period of time where the governments was able to continue borrowing. And one of the reasons they were able to borrow so much, again, has to do with this kind of quirk of their political status. Puerto Rico, unlike other states, can issue triple tax-exempt bonds, which means they don’t have to pay federal, state or municipal tax. And so that made these investments very attractive. And when Puerto Rico wasn’t able to balance its budget year in and year out, they went and borrowed in the capital markets and they had investors lining up really to lend money to Puerto Rico.

Meanwhile, their economy has been in a recession since 2006. If you think about the worst parts of the United States – the Rust Belt – Puerto Rico’s situation is every bit as dramatic, if not more so, than that and they’ve had tremendous population loss. It’s very hard to grow your tax base to boost revenues when you’re losing 1 to 2 percent of your population every year.

SIMON: What might congressional legislation look like? Do you have an inkling now?

TIMIRAOS: Yeah. So the deal that the Treasury Department and that the House leadership with Paul Ryan and they’ve been working on would be to pair a federal oversight board with a debt restructuring mechanism. Again, Puerto Rico can’t file for bankruptcy protection, so this would create some kind of alternative bankruptcy-like mechanism for Puerto Rico to restructure its debts. A control board is of course not very popular with the local government. They’d be losing sovereignty to Washington here, but it’s probably the price they’re going to have to pay for being able to have some haircuts on the bonds and the bondholders are going to have to take – of course, bondholders had been fighting this. Some of them had been fighting it very hard. They’ve tried to characterize the legislation as a bailout, which is interesting because there actually isn’t any taxpayer money being put into this. And there probably will be at some point if Congress doesn’t pass legislation that allows a debt restructuring and things get worse on the island. So you could see a scenario two years from now if this isn’t addressed and more people are coming into the United States and Puerto Rico really can’t pay its costs (ph) then you could have, you know, you could actually have a humanitarian crisis and that could actually cost money.

SIMON: Nick Timiraos, national economics correspondent for The Wall Street Journal, thanks so much.

TIMIRAOS: Thanks for having me.

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