November 10, 2015

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Heading Is On The Way Out For The Youngest U.S. Soccer Players

A father teaches his son heading at a park in Taiwan in 2010.

A father teaches his son heading at a park in Taiwan in 2010. PATRICK LIN/AFP/Getty Images hide caption

itoggle caption PATRICK LIN/AFP/Getty Images

There are new safety rules this week targeting concussions in youth soccer. As part of a lawsuit settlement, the United States Soccer Federation has announced new restrictions on striking the ball with the head.

The new rules eliminate heading for players 10 and under, and limit heading in practice for 11-to-13-year-olds. The restrictions go into effect next month and they apply to players on U.S. Soccer’s youth national teams and Development Academy.

That’s only a small percentage of the more than three million kids who played soccer in the U.S. last year.

For all those players not directly controlled by U.S. Soccer, the new rules are recommendations. Still, U.S. Soccer says it strongly urges all youth leagues around the country to follow the guidelines.

The group also has agreed to modify substitution rules in games to allow players who may have suffered a concussion to be evaluated without penalty.

The new guidelines are part of a settlement of a lawsuit filed last year. A group of parents and players filed a class-action suit against U.S. Soccer and others, claiming the defendants had been negligent when dealing with player concussions.

The plaintiffs weren’t after monetary damages but instead wanted the kind of rules changes that were announced this week.

Steve Berman, lead attorney for the plaintiffs, said, “This is a tremendous victory that will affect millions of young soccer players across the country.” He added, “We believe this decision sends a strong message to coaches and lays down paramount regulations to finally bring safety management to soccer.”

Questions remain about how the regulations will be enforced, and about whether headers truly are the key culprit when it comes to soccer concussions. One recent scientific study acknowledges headers play a role in head injuries. But it finds that rough play — “athlete-athlete contact” — is a significant contributing factor.

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Push For $15 Minimum Wage Becoming Part Of Presidential Politics

Low-wage workers and supporters protest for a $15 an hour minimum wage Tuesday in New York City as part of what organizers called a National Day of Action.

Low-wage workers and supporters protest for a $15 an hour minimum wage Tuesday in New York City as part of what organizers called a National Day of Action. Spencer Platt/Getty Images hide caption

itoggle caption Spencer Platt/Getty Images

Some economic matters are stunningly complex. Take the Trans-Pacific Partnership. The trade deal’s details cover more than 6,000 pages.

Others are simple, like the federal minimum wage. A bill to raise the $7.25 hourly wage covers a few paragraphs.

The congressional response is simple, too: Democrats are for it; Republicans against.

Tonight, that political contrast will be highlighted by fast-food workers who plan to protest at the Republican presidential debate in Milwaukee. They want the federal minimum wage boosted to $15.

Spurred on by the Service Employees International Union, the Milwaukee demonstrators will wrap up a day of protests held around the country. Over the past three years, fast-food workers have held walkouts and rallies, directing their wage demands at employers. This time, much of the focus was on city halls and other political sites, such as the Republican debate.

“Candidates gearing up for the 2016 elections across the country should take note,” Christine Owens, executive director of the National Employment Law Project, said in a statement supporting the “Fight for $15” protests.

Backers of a higher minimum wage say they are planning a yearlong push, intended to get 64 million low-wage workers engaged politically. In major cities, protesters held pre-printed signs saying: “We demand $15 and union rights.”

In response to the protests, the Employment Policies Institute, backed by the restaurant industry, ran a full-page ad in the New York Post. The ad highlighted results from a survey, conducted for the group by the University of New Hampshire Survey Center, which showed that three-fourths of the surveyed economists say a $15 minimum wage would reduce the number of jobs available, particularly for younger and less experienced workers.

Congress last raised the federal minimum wage in 2009. Since then, 29 states, plus the District of Columbia, have approved minimums above $7.25. State laws have typically pushed up wages to between $8 and $9 an hour. But some cities have gone much further. For example, Seattle and San Francisco have put wages on track to hit $15 an hour.

For years, President Obama has been calling for a phased-in higher federal minimum, but congressional Republicans have been fiercely opposed to such a move.

Now, as the fight moves into the presidential election cycle, candidates generally have been falling into line with their party’s position.

For example, Democratic front-runner Hillary Clinton tweeted Tuesday:

Fast-food, home care, child care workers: Your advocacy is changing our country for the better. #Fightfor15 -H

— Hillary Clinton (@HillaryClinton) November 10, 2015

Her opponent Sen. Bernie Sanders, D-Vt., tweeted:

I stand with the thousands of workers on strike today to demand $15 and a union. #FightFor15

— Bernie Sanders (@SenSanders) November 10, 2015

New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, is pushing the matter, with plans to use his executive authority to raise the minimum wage to $15 by the end of 2018 for all state workers. That would mark the first time a state has set such a high wage for so many public employees.

In Congress, Republicans have presented a nearly solid wall of opposition to federal involvement in wage hikes. Overwhelmingly, Republican presidential candidates have agreed.

GOP presidential candidate Donald Trump, when asked recently on MSNBC’s Morning Joe if he supported a higher minimum wage, said: “It’s such a nasty question, because the answer has to be nasty.”

Trump said that because the United States must compete with low-wage countries, “I think having a low minimum wage is not a bad thing for this country.”

Perhaps the greatest divergence from the party line has come from Ben Carson, a retired neurosurgeon who has led in recent polls. In a CNBC interview last spring, he said of the minimum wage, “I think, probably, it should be higher than now.”

Justin Murden, 20, a low-wage worker in Philadelphia, said in a phone interview that he is protesting at a McDonald’s restaurant Tuesday evening — and planning to pay more attention to politics in the coming year.

He makes less than $9 an hour as a cleaner and a security guard — and got involved with the demonstrations after a canvasser told him about it.

“This motivates me to actually listen to who is saying what when they run for mayor or city council or president,” he said. “Now, I understand more.”

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Pitching Health Care In Baltimore's Red Light District

Nathan Fields talks to passersby about how to use a naloxone auto-injector to treat an opioid overdose.
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Nathan Fields talks to passersby about how to use a naloxone auto-injector to treat an opioid overdose. Meredith Rizzo/NPR hide caption

itoggle caption Meredith Rizzo/NPR

Every Thursday night you can find Nathan Fields making the rounds of Baltimore’s red light district, known to locals as The Block.

An outreach worker with the Baltimore City Health Department, Fields, 55, is a welcome sight outside strip clubs like Circus, Club Harem and Jewel Box.

In the early evening before the clubs get busy, he talks with dancers, bouncers and anyone else passing by about preventing drug overdoses and how to stop the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.

Later on, he’ll drop into the clubs to check on the dancers who aren’t able to come outside, finding out what they might need.

Fields has credibility on The Block that people higher up in the health department don’t. “I watch him walk down any street in Baltimore city, and people come up to him, and they know that he is there to serve them,” says his boss, Health Commissioner Dr. Leana Wen.

The needle exchange van parks on the corner of a block that is home to numerous strip clubs.

The needle exchange van parks on the corner of a block that is home to numerous strip clubs. Meredith Rizzo/NPR hide caption

itoggle caption Meredith Rizzo/NPR

It wasn’t always so easy.

Seven years ago, Fields was working with the city’s needle exchange program. After a spate of drug overdoses at the strip clubs, the health department brought its needle exchange van to The Block one night a week.

There were hardly any takers at first. People were skeptical.

“They were under the impression that we were giving their information to the police,” Fields says. “So that’s when I came on board. You know, I’m a great negotiator. Donald Trump can’t beat me out.”

Fields started with the bouncers. Though a Baltimore native, Fields is a huge fan of the New England Patriots and would often show up in head-to-toe Pats gear. The Baltimore Ravens-loving bouncers hated his get-up, and the football rivalry broke the ice.

Seven years ago, Fields began outreach work with Baltimore's needle exchange program on The Block.

Seven years ago, Fields began outreach work with Baltimore’s needle exchange program on The Block. Meredith Rizzo/NPR hide caption

itoggle caption Meredith Rizzo/NPR

Eventually, the sports talk turned more personal. Fields learned that some of the men had girlfriends dancing in the clubs who needed help – everything from condoms to drug treatment. Some women needed copies of birth certificates and other forms of ID in order to get into treatment.

Fields leaned on colleagues in the health department to get the problems solved.

Soon, the clubs doors opened for him. Once inside, Fields saw people needed even more.

“We went into one club, and there were three girls in different stages of pregnancy that were still dancing,” he recalls. “We started running it up the chain: ‘Hey, we need health care down here — reproductive health care.’ “

So in addition to the needle exchange van, the city brought a second van to The Block, one with an exam table and a nurse. Now, every Thursday night, health workers offer needles for exchange, training in the anti-overdose drug naloxone, HIV tests, reproductive health exams, pregnancy tests, flu shots and more other basic health care services.

(Left) A Baltimore City health worker demonstrates how to use a naloxone auto-injector. (Right) Inside the needle exchange van, bundles of used needles are held in a container for disposal.

(Left) A Baltimore City health worker demonstrates how to use a naloxone auto-injector. (Right) Inside the needle exchange van, bundles of used needles are held in a container for disposal. Meredith Rizzo/NPR hide caption

itoggle caption Meredith Rizzo/NPR

Fields treats each person coming into the vans like family. He remembers babies and boyfriends and other small details of people’s lives.

“The Block is like living,” he says. “These relationships, you’ve got to keep them flourishing.”

Quietly, Fields also hands out pamphlets with information about drug treatment. Every so often, he’ll mention a new option and encourage someone to check it out. But, it’s a soft sell. He doesn’t want to drive people away.

“I don’t beat a person over the head,” he says. “I never badger anybody for fear of them looking at me like, ‘Oh, he’s an elitist. He forgot where he came from.’ I could never forget where I come from.”

Nathan Fields (center) with his sons Hassan Fields (left) and Malik Fields on Friday, May 22. Hassan was shot and killed that weekend.

Nathan Fields (center) with his sons Hassan Fields (left) and Malik Fields on Friday, May 22. Hassan was shot and killed that weekend. Courtesy of Nathan Fields hide caption

itoggle caption Courtesy of Nathan Fields

For nearly 20 years, Fields was a heroin addict. He sold drugs to support his habit and did time in the Baltimore City jail. “I was a predator to my community,” he says.

After getting clean in the mid-1990s, he got a job as a recovery counselor. In 2004, he went to work with the Baltimore City Health Department. “The job just gives me a sense that I’m helping to build back what I tore down,” he says. “You know, every time I can get somebody to even thinking different or even consider going into treatment, I feel as though I had a successful day.”

In spite of those small victories, it’s been a particularly difficult year for Baltimore and for Nathan Fields.

Over Memorial Day weekend, the outbreak of violence following the death of Freddie Gray claimed the life of his youngest child, 20-year-old Hassan Fields. He was shot and killed on the west side of Baltimore. His death remains an open case.

Nathan Fields struggles to understand how this could happen to him, given all he’s done for the community. He had thoughts of reverting to the person he once was. Then, he came to a quieter place.

“The Block is like living,” outreach worker Nathan Fields says. “These relationships, you’ve got to keep them flourishing.” Meredith Rizzo/NPR hide caption

itoggle caption Meredith Rizzo/NPR

“I’m sorry. I can’t let this destroy me,” he says. “I can’t let this turn what my thoughts are about human nature — some good people with some bad people. I believe the bad people have a little bit of good in them too. It’s just got to come out.”

Thinking about Hassan’s death has led him to reflect on his own past.

“I just have to look back on myself and say, I’ve caused pain. No, I’ve never done anything as violent as that, but I’ve got to keep working. I can cherish his memory, I sit down, I look at his picture and think about it, and it just makes me work harder.”

NPR and All Things Considered will continue reporting from Baltimore in the coming months, checking in with Leana Wen and her team. Stay tuned for future stories.

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